Resumen
The article argues that allowing evolution to explore highly unconventional circuits can be advantageous. Analysis of the evolved circuits enhances their utility, but requires novel approaches. Its still not fully understood how it works, the core of the timing mechanism is a subtle property of the very large scale integration medium. Most possibilities have been ruled out, like circuit activity, including glitch-transients and beat-frequencies, metastability and thermal time-constants from self-heating. This small effect, is amplified by alterations in bistable and transient dynamics of oscillatory loops and how this is used to derive an orderly near-optimal output is understood in detail. Certain peripheral cells fine-tune particularly sensitive time delays. On the key question of long-term consistency of behavior, the entire field programmable gate arrays circuitry is strongly reset to a deterministic stable logic state for every high half-cycle of the input waveform.