Resumen
The foundations of computing, rooted in Turing, Church, and von Neumann, are about the transformation of data, not physical dynamics. Computer scientists must rethink the core abstractions if they truly want to integrate computing with physical processes. That's why the author focuses here on a key aspect of physical processes -- the passage of time -- that is almost entirely absent in computing. As people move to more networked, complex, intelligent applications, the problems of real-world compatibility and coordination are going to get worse. Embedded systems will no longer be black boxes, designed once and immutable in the field; they will be pieces of larger systems, a dance of electronics, networking, and physical processes. An emerging buzzword for such systems is cyber-physical systems, or CPS. Such systems use computations and communication deeply embedded in and interacting with physical processes to add new capabilities to physical systems. Realizing the potential of CPS requires first rethinking the core abstractions of computing.