The article focuses on issues concerning software engineering. Smaller-sized software companies are developing significant products that need effective, tailored software engineering practices. In 1968, the NATO Software Engineering Conference, held at Garmisch, Germany, initiated the concept of software engineering, identifying its problems with producing large, high-quality software applications. In 1975, a software programmer, introduced terms, like, "programming in the small" and "programming in the large," to differentiate the development characteristics of large-scale software development from detailed programming, for example, data structures and algorithms. The principal source of large-scale software at the time was development contracts issued by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Since then, virtually all software engineering literature has concentrated explicitly and implicitly on the model of DoD contract software development. Since the late 1970s, the microcomputer revolution has dramatically increased the quantity of software produced.