Resumen
The article reveals the information about various studies of "programmer stress" that were conducted in Japan before 1993. Researchers found that programmer stress is both extremely common and extremely problematic. Japan's software industry is in some ways different from that of the rest of the world. Software specialist are not held in high esteem in Japanese society. In the first study Y. Fujigaki found stress present during almost all software life-cycle phases. But the stress took different forms in different phase. The second study measured the effect of the stress. Programmers operating under stress, the researchers found, make far more mistakes than they would under more normal circumstances. R. Zawacki found something called "alarming drop" in job satisfaction. Programmers were considerably less satisfied with their work in 1993 than they were in 1979. According to R. Zawacki, there is a need for better management to deal with changing needs of programmers , and also suggested some changes in management style.