Resumen
No two doctoral students are the same, and the things an advisor needs to do for each vary accordingly. The author can look back over his career and see several approaches that work, and one approach that is popular but doesn't really serve the student well. To make students successful, advisors need to be ready to provide many services. Whether the thesis is theoretical or an implemented solution, students need to be guided to understand who will consume their contribution if they are successful. An advisor must make sure that their students can write clearly. Another common job of the advisor is to teach the student to fail cheerfully and without embarrassment. One of the trickiest decisions an advisor has to make is how to deal with the student who wants to found a startup while they are working on their doctorate. A startup can have more impact on their lives than a thesis.